The Western Ghats of India, including the Sindhudurg District of Maharashtra, are renowned for their rich and endemic plants diversity. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the orchid flora of Sindhudurg, with a focus on their taxonomy, distribution, habitat, and conservation status. A total of 66 species of orchids, belonging to 26 genera, were recorded from the study area. Habenaria and Dendrobium emerged as the most diverse genera, with 16 and 9 species, respectively. The orchid assemblage comprised 34 terrestrial, 32 epiphytic. Notably, Habenaria dominated the terrestrial orchids, while Dendrobium was prominent among epiphytes. The study highlights the presence of 27 orchid species that are endemic to India. The orchids were found to inhabit a range of habitats, including evergreen forests, deciduous forests, and grasslands. Habitat destruction, over-collection, and climate change were identified as major threats to the orchid diversity of the region. This study provides valuable insights into the orchid diversity of Sindhudurg District, highlighting the need for conservation efforts to protect these ecologically important and threatened species.

The present study was conducted to collect, identify and document the flora of Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India. The Survey of plants of Sanctuary was carried out during 2022 to 2024. The different species collected during the surveys were identified with the help of various flora of Rajasthan taxonomic literature, taxonomy expert and Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur. A total of 506 plants species belonging to 90 families have been found in the investigation. Poaceae was the dominant family, followed by Fabaceae and Asteraceae.

The present study was done for the assessment of endemic succulent plant wealth of Nilgiris. The survey was conducted during 2017 - 2020. The survey in different localities of Nilgiris resulted in identifying a total of 48 succulent flowering plants belonging to 15 families and 27 genera. Among the different families Orchidaceae was leading by 35.4% (17 Spp.) of total endemic plant species followed by Balsaminaceae by 27 % (13 Spp.). Five endangered species explored in the genus are Impatiens neobarnesii C. E. C. Fisch., Impatiens pendula Heyne ex Wight & Arn., Impatiens nilagirica C.E.C.Fisch., Conchidium nanum (A.Rich.) Brieger and Gloriosa superba L. It is concluded that there are no previous reports on the endemic succulent flora in the Southern Western Ghats of Nilgiris, India. Hence, the locality should be further analysed to design conservation measures for the management of these endemic species with environmental quality.

Tissue culture of medicinal plants is widely used to produce clones and has been found in the conservation of threatened plants species face risk of extinction. Vajradanti is an ethno-medicinally important plant showing pharmacological effects such as anti-microbial, anti-helminthic, anti-fertility, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-arthritic, hepato-protective, diuretic, cytoprotective, antidiarrhoeal, analgesic, anti-leukemic, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic properties. Micropropagation in most of the plant species involve proliferation of explants using MS medium. There are scanty reports on tissue culture and regeneration of Vajradanti. However, no effective in vitro regeneration protocol has been developed for this medicinally important plant. Development of high frequency regeneration pathway was undertaken using shoot tip and nodal segments of Barleria prionitis on MS medium supplemented with auxin and cytokinins alone and in various combinations.