The rapid growth of the global population demands an expansion of agricultural practices, supported by modernization and technological advancements. However, plant diseases have become more prevalent due to ongoing climate and environmental changes. The disease triangle, which includes the plant, pathogen, and environment, plays a key role in determining disease occurrence and severity. Abiotic factors such as climate primarily play an important role in new disease occurrence whereas, genetic alterations within the plant and pathogen result in resistance and susceptible varieties. The resistance and susceptibility of plants toward any disease are determined by multiple reactions between the genes carried in the plant and the pathogen. This describes how plant fungi interact with each other. The plant disease involves a series of steps including entry, inoculum potential, colonization, infection, multiplication, and several others during plant-fungal interaction. Here, we review the recent advances and progress toward the disease mechanism, etiological factors, and management techniques of plant-fungal interaction.

Environment presents various kinds of stress to the growing plants and plays an important role in determining the productivity specially in case of food crops. Amongst these stresses, biotic stress is the one which has got prominent role in deciding the productivity of a crop in a season. Biotic stress poses a serious threat to the crop productivity which enhances the use of insecticide and pesticide on the crops. Millets provides an ideal gene pool for its resistance against various diseases caused from the pathogens. This makes them the first choice amongst the farmers for their plantations and cultivations at various altitudes in different seasons. This review comprehensively provides an insight into the disease resistance in millets and various mechanisms and aspects associated with it.