The rapid growth of the global population demands an expansion of agricultural practices, supported by modernization and technological advancements. However, plant diseases have become more prevalent due to ongoing climate and environmental changes. The disease triangle, which includes the plant, pathogen, and environment, plays a key role in determining disease occurrence and severity. Abiotic factors such as climate primarily play an important role in new disease occurrence whereas, genetic alterations within the plant and pathogen result in resistance and susceptible varieties. The resistance and susceptibility of plants toward any disease are determined by multiple reactions between the genes carried in the plant and the pathogen. This describes how plant fungi interact with each other. The plant disease involves a series of steps including entry, inoculum potential, colonization, infection, multiplication, and several others during plant-fungal interaction. Here, we review the recent advances and progress toward the disease mechanism, etiological factors, and management techniques of plant-fungal interaction.

Microbial, specifically fungal and bacterial infections are the prime cause of diseases in humans, animals, and plants. Technological advancements with molecular protocols have undoubtedly broadened the research areas against global microbial infections. High antifungal and antibacterial drugs usage with resistance development, host-specific toxicity, mutational alterations, and several other factors bring forth the urge for new antimicrobial agents. New protocols related to antimicrobial activities and developing novel drugs against severe infections are highly recommended in future research areas. Dilution, diffusion, bioautography protocols, and several others are frequently used to determine the antimicrobial activities. The aim of this review is to highlight and assemble the information regarding the various anti-fungal activity techniques. Additionally, their principle, methodology, advantages, and disadvantages, with information regarding solvents and microbial organisms tested, has also been reviewed.

Over the years, Antibiotics have served in successful treatment of a number of microbial diseases. However in current times, there has been a great increase in resistant microorganisms that have adapted to the previous antibiotics. A World Health Organization report says that antimicrobial resistance is a "major global threat" to human health based on analysis of around 110 countries. The report covers seven pathogenic bacteria which cause common diseases like pneumonia, diarrhea and blood infections. It also emphasized that more antimicrobial compounds need to be discovered and individuals need to help slow the antibiotic resistance process. Drug resistant bacteria has facilitates the requirement of newer antimicrobial agents which can fight against MDR pathogens. Even though around 80% of antibiotics have been discovered and supplied to the Pharmaceutical industries and treated various disease caused by these bacterial pathogens. Present study was done on the primary and secondary screening of actinomycetes from Rhizospheric soil and antibiotics used to treat various diseases caused by MDR organisms. Main study was focussed on isolation and biochemical testing of isolates and extraction of compounds from broth of isolates. Samples taken were from different Rhizospheric regions of Rajasthan.