Drought is one the gravest aspect of the climate change in the present decade. This kind of climate change neither allow the farmers to prepare itself in advance nor it can escape the season once the sowing is completed. The impact is so widespread that it causes huge crop losses and poses serious threat to food security globally. Wheat being the third most staple crop around the world after rice and maize, has been severely affected by this climatic menace. Drought tolerance has become an important part of the today’s research and development of drought resilient lines in wheat is the current breeding trait of interest for plant breeders. Identification for novel genetic resources and associated genomic region clarifies the mechanisms behind drought tolerance and its regulation. The biochemical & physiological aspects associated with the said trait and their interface with the associated genomic regions, identified using genome wide associated studies (GWAS), provides deep insights for drought tolerance & its mechanism. Several significant genetic resources have been identified in the recent past which has proved their worth in development of drought tolerant lines in wheat. This review highlights the latest research and facts associated with several aspects of drought tolerance in wheat and provide profound solutions that are significant for the future wheat breeding programs.

Change in climate is one of the most threatening aspects of the global environmental crisis. This aspect has not only bought change in the air quality index but also has changed the seasonal cycle. This variation in seasonal cycle has affected the timing and intensity of rainfall and similarly huge variations in the dry periods. Such kind of variations are now frequently increasing and therefore need of climate resilient crops is need of the hour. Millets has always been the climate resilient model among the crops and thus provides a strong gene pool against the climate change. The physiology and genetics of the millets is so robust that it grows efficiently in all kinds of harsh conditions. They grow in hills, foothills, and semi-arid tropics. This review article highlights the different types of millets and their fidelity of millets towards climate change.

The availability of high-quality gene expression microarray data for Arabidopsis, available in the public domain, provide a new opportunity for genome-wide exploration and discovery of genes associated with the response of a plant under abiotic stresses. Using this approach, a database of protein sequences and associated gene IDs involved in a plant’s response to salinity stress has been created around the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This information can be used as a resource for the identification of orthologs in any other plant with sequence information available. A list of 140 Populus genes involved in salinity stress have been identified through the bioinformatics approach. This data can be used to clone out the genes for further characterization and testing and thereafter used for targeted salinity tolerance induction programmes under genetic improvement mandate of both agricultural and forestry species. Genes involved in a plant’s response to osmotic stress, hyperosmotic salinity, cold and drought have also been identified in Arabidopsis and its counterpart ortholog has been identified in Populus. The information of tree orthologs for abiotic stress tolerance have become available for the first time in such a bigway and will lead to designing of better vectors for genetic engineering of plants in future.