Soil is one of the most significant component of ecosystem on earth and is responsible for the homeostasis of the environment. It has a tremendous capacity to balance the water & air quality around it but also shelters some of the most significant micro-organisms under it. This virtue of soil makes it even better than other components of the ecosystem. It also harbors the organic matter in it which is crucial for the modern-day nutritional attributes in the crop. Soil management therefore is very important exercise to maintain the soil health and its quality for a sustainable ecosystem. It also is reservoir many essential micronutrients or trace elements which then becomes the part of the food chain by entering the plant system. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of its importance in a balanced ecosystem and in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Today environment change drastically due to human activity. Out of all the ecosystems terrestrial and marine ecosystems are affected majorly. Petroleum contaminated soil samples were collected Oil Garage station of Mumbai (Coastal area). Normal soil and Petroleum contaminated soil samples were physico- chemically characterized. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons were separated by Colum Chromatography and it was analyzed by Gas Chromatography and Mass spectroscopy. Microorganisms were isolated by enrichment culture technique. 1%v/v 4T engine oil was used as a carbons source. These petroleum hydrocarbons degrading microorganisms were morphologically and biochemically also characterized.