The genus Caulokaempferia (Zingiberaceae) shows close affinities with Kaempferia and Boesenbergia. Except this genus, the microscopical features of the latter two were studied. Therefore, the present study attempted to conduct anatomy of the genus and to represent it C. secunda is selected. Along with anatomy, its powder microscopy is also conducted. The transverse section of petiole recorded bundle arc I, II, III, IV; midvein with arc I and III; and leaf sheath with arc I and II. The section of lamina exhibited by single-layer of epidermis with scattered oil cells and tetracytic stomata. The section of pseudostem shows scattered vascular bundles at periphery and a central mass of vascular bundles. In root, inner cortical cells are found with abundant starch grains and crystals. In powder microscopy, oil cells are observed comparatively higher in leaf powder followed by pseudostem and root. The present study also attempted to conduct a preliminary phytochemical analysis. A total of ten phytochemical analyses of leaf, pseudostem, and root samples were conducted with the extracts obtained from hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Nine out of ten phytochemicals were found to be present in leaf and pseudostem while roots contained seven.