Phytochemistry

Tecomella undulata is a type of shrub in the family Bignoniaceae. It is a small tree that grows in the dry parts of India, Pakistan, and Arabia. It has a lot of commercial and medical value and can be used to make a lot of different things. In Rajasthan's desert area, the "Desert teak" or "Marwar teak" is the most important wood-producing tree species. Tecomella undulata is known in both conventional and folk systems of indigenous medicines to have important healing properties. Hepatoprotective, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-termite, immunomodulatory, anticancer, cytotoxic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity activities are just a few of the plant's numerous, well-known therapeutic characteristics. The plant is the source of the ayurvedic drug rohitakarishta, which is used to treat liver, spleen, and blood disorders. This tree is in danger of going extinct because conservation efforts aren't as good as they could be and because the pharmaceutical and lumber industries want more of it. This species is now considered "threatened" in the Indian state of Rajasthan. One of the main problems with this tree is that it is susceptible to many diseases and pests. This makes it harder for it to grow and spread. Even though seeds are often used to spread it, natural plant growth isn't as common because seeds can be carried by the wind to faraway places, harsh weather can make it hard for seeds to spread, seeds can die if they are not harvested and stored properly, and there aren't as many seeds that can grow back. Because the tree grows so slowly, there are no good ways to speed up its reproduction through vegetative propagation. No one has tried to start breeding programmes to make T. undulata better. Even though there is some research on T. undulata's cytology, function in agroforestry and silviculture, association with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza, and use of biotechnological tools, the number of research papers on the identification of bioactive components and confirmation of pharmacological effects has grown exponentially in recent years.

Phytoconstituents from leaf and bark extracts of M. hexandra have been analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by respective standard procedures. Plant contain rich contents of carbohydrate and protein which was estimated by phenol- sulphuric acid method and Lowry’s method respectively. Total carbohydrate contents were found 39% and 32.35% and total starch contents were found 44.95% and 38.1% of dry mass in leaf and bark respectively. Total protein content was estimated 5.03% in leaf and 32.9% in bark. Total lipid content was found low 0.05 % for both extracts. Total phenol content was estimated via folin ciocalteau method and it was found 0.52% in leaf and 1.46% of dry mass in bark. Soxhlet extraction procedure was used to prepare methanol, petroleum ether and chloroform extracts for estimation of presence of various secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids and sterols and their presence were identified via Thin layer chromatography. Various standard analytical tests were also performed for detection of both primary and secondary metabolites in leaf and bark extracts of M. hexandra. The findings of the study provided evidence that the stem bark and leaf of the plant possessed bio active compounds. It justifies their use in the traditional medicines for the treatment of different diseases.