Psilotum nudum a fern allies of the family Psilotaceae is found in two different habitats i.e. epiphyte and lithophyte. The present communication provided a comparative analysis of the anatomy and palynology between epiphytic and lithophytic habitats of P. nudum from Assam, India. Free hand transverse sections were made, following double staining technique, and permanent slides were prepared then examined under the microscopes. Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) of the spores was conducted. The result shows similarity in the arrangement of cells in different vegetative parts in both habitats except minor differences in sizes. The presence of secondary metabolite i.e. phlobaphene in aerial stem is almost consistent, but the differences noted in its occurrence between the epiphytic and lithophytic rhizoids may reflect adaptive anatomical and chemical nature of the species. The spores are kidney shaped and similar in both habitats except minor differences in size. The study is expected to be useful to interpret the adaptive responses of epiphytic and lithophytic forms of P. nudum to different microhabitats.

Fern and fern-allies of Todgarh-Raoli Wild Life Sanctuary is very limited due to the extreme and largely arid and dry climate, which is characteristic feature of the Rajasthan. Fern and fern-allies are small but significant element occurring quite frequent in this Sanctuary. Systematic survey from all localities of fern and fern-allies in this sanctuary has revealed the occurrence of09 taxa belonging to 06 genera and 05 families. Actiniopteris radiata (Sw.) Link, Marsilea minuta L., Azolla pinnata R. Br. subspp. Asiatica and Adiantum incisum Forssk. arewidely distributed throughout the sanctuary. This sanctuary is also represented by Adiantum capillus-veneris L., Adiantump hilippense L., Marsilea aegyptiaca Willd. and Cheilanthes farinose (Forssk.) Kaulf.in scattered habitat under shaded moisture and in rock crevices. A check list of fern and fern-allies along with its distributions in the Todgarh-Raoli Wild Life Sanctuary and its adjoining area has been investigated in this paper. Increasing exploitation of natural resources resulted in depletion of these important Pteridophytes. RET, species were discussed and common household conservational techniques adapted by tribals and rural peoples of this region have also been discussed in this paper.