The present study reports a new distributional record of Ephedra karumanchiana S. K. Patel, S. M. Patil, Raole & K. S. Rajput sp. nov. from the semi-arid region of Rajasthan, India, there by extending its previously known geographical range. Ephedra foliata is known species so far recorded from Rajasthan. Field explorations conducted during 2022–2024 across Rajasthan resulted in the collection of specimens morphologically conforming to E. karumanchiana. Identification was confirmed through comparative taxonomic examination with type material and reference herbarium specimens, supported by diagnostic morphological characters. Detailed phenological observations, photo plates, line illustrations, and a GIS-based distribution map are provided to document. This record not only enriches the floristic diversity of the region but also emphasizes the importance of continued botanical surveys in underexplored habitats. Future research may explore its phytochemical and pharmacological properties to enhance understanding of its medicinal potential.