PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF HERBS AND GRASSES IN WINTER SEASON ON THE BOTTOMS OF RAVINE OF OTTANGAN RIVER AT KHANDER, AGRA, U.P.

Phytosociological study of herbs and grasses in winter season on the bottoms of protected and unprotected ravines of Ottangan river has been done by standard methods in two years. During the course of study, it has been observed that frequency, density, abundance, presence and sociability increased in protected ravine in comparison to unprotected ravine. Euphorbia hirta Linn., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. and Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet. were more abundant and more successful species inspite of biotic interference in unprotected ravine. Cynodon dactylon was in more reduced form in unprotected ravine in comparison to other species due to grazing factor.