Rajasthan

The research work was initiated to get information and report on the medicinal plants belonging to the family Fabaceae among the rural peoples of the Alwar district. The field survey of the study area was conducted between Jan. 2021 to Dec. 2023. Out of 15 plant species, 09 are trees, 05 are herbs and 01 is a climber. The most used plant part as medicine was noted to be the leaves (23.08%), followed by root (19.23%), bark, seed and fruit (each 11.54%).In this paper, a list of plant species along with their local name, plant part/s used and medicinal uses for effective control of diverse ailments of ethnomedicinal plants are given.

Tal Chhapar Wildlife Sanctuary (TCWS), located in the arid zone region of the largest state of the country, Rajasthan comprises of 102 species of Angiosperms. It contains 83 dicot and 19 monocot species that include 16 trees, 16 shrubs and 48 herbs. Fabaceae with 10 species and Poaceae with 13 species occupy the first position in dicots and monocots, respectively. Acacia and Cyperus with 04 species each have been found to be the largest genera represented while 48 genera are represented by solitary species. The present study enumerates all species of flowering plants occurring in the sanctuary area with their correct name along with first citation, vernacular names and habit. The paper also briefly deals with the basic geographical location, climate, type of vegetation and ecological framework of TCWS.
The outcome of the work is based on extensive field survey of the area conducted during 2021–2023 and study of previous literature.

Diatoms are eukaryotic single-celled photosynthesizing algae that have significant ecological and forensic importance. They inhabit practically every aquatic environment, including fresh and salt water bodies they have a siliceous skeleton (frustule). In this review, the diatom reported from water bodies of Rajasthan compied. This review revealed that the most common diatoms reported in the water bodies of Rajasthan are Navicula, Nitzschia, Cyclotella, Synedra, Fragilaria and Gomphonema, whereas some site specific diatom’s species are also reported like Stauroneis in Kaylana lake of Jodhpur, Brachysira in Chambal river, Kota, Achnanthidium in Chambal river, Kota and Maavatha pond (Amer fort) and Anomoene is from Indira Gandhi Canal, Hanumangarh.

Plants are the biofactories. Indian Medicinal plants and their role in therapeutic usage was well documented by Charaka and Sushruta in 1500-500 BC. Medicinal Plants have been used in healthcare since long era. The vital role of medicinal plants in disease prevention and there promotions. Thus, in present review attempts were made to compile the data of Medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites for screening or bio-efficacy and/or isolation of bioactive especially with reference to alkaloids from Rajasthan. The study was conducted in region of Rajasthan, India. Rajasthan is situated in the north-western part of India between 23^3’ and 30^12 N latitude and 69^30’ and 78^17 E longitude and comprises an area of about 34239 Sq Km. Electronic literature review method was accustomed to study different review paper or research articles.The data was collected from Google, Google scolar ,Pubchem science direct and also from various type of Journal such as Journal of Asian natural product research , African Pacific Journal of infectious disease etc. from the year 1984-2019were taken under consideration. In this review article 30 plants were reviewed and study for the alkaloids and their efficiency as therapeutic agents was reported. In this research we found that 15 families and from these families approximate 210 alkaloids were found to be present. These plants possess various biological activities such as, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetic, anti-cancerous.Plants surviving in such harsh condition possess amount of alkaloids which provides medicinal properties to the mankind and also provide the defense mechanism to the plants. These alkaloids rich plants can be alternative source of diet and replace the nutraceuticals as therapeutic targets in future.

The Tal Chhapar wild life sanctuary lies in Sujangarh Tehsil of Churu district in the north-eastern part of Rajasthan. This area is protecting a good number of plants and animal species especially Black bucks. The present observation enumerates the floristic diversity of this area. A total of 139 plant species including 19 trees, 21 shrubs, 40 herbs, 24 grasses, 05 sedges, 10 halophytes, 11 cultivated crops, 03 aquatic plants and 06 parasitic plants belonging to 41 families were recorded. It is evident from the result that Poaceae and Fabaceae are the largest and dominant families amongst the monocotyledons and the dicotyledons respectively. The Poaceae is the largest family out of 41 families, is represented by 19 genera and 25 plant species While, Fabaceae by 12 genera and 18 plant species. Poaceae is the most dominant family of the area and followed by Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Cyperaceae.

For the study of incidence and transmission of diseases of brinjal, a survey was conducted in various fields and market. Dry seed examination of 110 seed samples of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) collected from 10 districts of Rajasthan revealed asymptomatic (07.75-97.50%), moderately discoloured (02.50-78.50%) and shriveled discoloured (04.25-95.50%) seed samples were studied. The discolouration varied from yellow to brown and black spots on seeds which yielded colonies of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria on incubation. The standard cultural, biochemical and pathogenicity tests were carried out for identification of the bacterium.