Wind-induced biomechanical oscillation is a critical component of tree–environment interactions, influencing mechanical stability, growth dynamics, ecological function, and long-term survival. This systematic review integrates historical, contemporary, and emerging research on how trees respond mechanically to wind through oscillation, damping, and adaptive structural modifications. Studies from biomechanics, aerodynamics, forestry engineering, and ecological modelling are synthesized to provide a comprehensive understanding of oscillation dynamics across scales. The review further presents standardized methodological approaches, summarizes current findings, identifies key limitations, and highlights future research priorities, particularly in the context of climate-change-driven extreme weather events. The insights gained have direct implications for urban forestry management, storm-risk mitigation, and climate-adaptive species selection. Ultimately, understanding tree oscillation informs biomimetic design and supports interdisciplinary strategies for enhancing forest resilience and sustainable environmental planning.